Impacts on buildings

Wind pressure and suction can loosen or displace roof tiles, sheets, or entire roof structures. This exposes internal components, such as insulation. Debris is also created, which in turn can cause further damage.

Storms cause detachment or tearing off of light or poorly fastened facade elements (e.g., panels, plaster sections). This exposes internal components, such as insulation. Debris is also created, which in turn can cause further damage.

Wind pressure and flying debris can break panes, bend frames, or force doors and gates open.

Solar panels, antennas, chimneys, and ventilation units can be loosened, tilted, or torn off by wind forces.

Extreme gusts generate high horizontal loads that can lead to cracks, deformations, or damage to the load-bearing building structure.

Storms hurl loose parts, branches, or light objects against buildings, causing impacts and surface damage.

Lightweight structures (carports, sheds, lightweight penthouse floors) and external heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) units can topple or be lifted off by wind pressure.

Short-term pressure fluctuations in the building can stress and damage internal partition walls, frames, and doors. Loose fixtures or objects inside can be thrown around and pose a hazard. Ventilation and air-conditioning systems can also be impaired.